From a young age, Clara Barton had many experiences of taking care of others and nursing them back to health. Her devotion to serving others and alleviating the suffering of those in need developed early on, and guided her throughout her life.

Clara was born into a somewhat large family, being the youngest of five children. One notable event that took place during her childhood and is considered to be one of the defining moments for her trajectory as a nurse was the moment when her older brother David fell from a roof, and suffered a terrible injury. For two years, David was bedridden, and Barton was his primary caregiver, nursing him back to health. This was Clara’s first experience as a nurse, at only 11 years old.

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At the age of 18, Clara began working as a school teacher, founding a school for the children of mill workers, and then started the first public school in Bordentown, New Jersey, a free school for the poorer children of the town. She worked there until a male principal was hired and paid twice her salary. While she loved teaching and working with children, she refused to work for less than a man’s pay. Consequently, she stopped working as a teacher and moved to Washington DC, where she worked as a recording clerk at the US Patent Office.

Clara was not only one of the first women to work for the federal government, but she was also paid the same salary as her male coworkers in the patent office. Barton was fired in 1857 when James Buchanan was elected, because she was outspoken and did not support his campaign. However, after moving back to Massachusetts for a few years, she returned to the patent office in 1861 when Lincoln was elected, although she did not receive the salary she originally had.

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1861 was a notable year in US history, as it marked the beginning of the Civil War during the Battle of Fort Sumter. When a group of men from the 6th Massachusetts Infantry arrived in Washington DC, Clara recognized many old friends and acquaintances. After visiting them at the makeshift hospitals that were created in the US Senate Chamber, she noticed they lacked supplies and proper care. She therefore began caring for them, and bought them food and medical supplies. Soon after, she was able to collect enough supplies to fill up an entire warehouse.

When she realized that providing these supplies to soldiers was more difficult than expected, she decided that going to the battlefields in person was the best way she could attend to the soldiers’ needs. At the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Clara was given permission to provide medical care to the soldiers who fought on the frontlines. She was given the nickname, “the Angel of the Battlefield”. Clara continued to work in both the field hospitals and on the frontlines, tending to wounded soldiers throughout the entire war.

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In 1869, Clara traveled to Switzerland where she intended to rest and take a break from her years of arduous work. There, she learned about the International Red Cross and met with their representatives. Upon her return to the US, she was able to gain a considerable amount of support for the creation of an American Society of the Red Cross, established in 1881.

Clara was president of the American Red Cross from 1881 until 1904, which was also the year she established the National First Aid Association of America. This new society was designed to teach the public how to assist in times of personal injury and emergencies. In addition to her work as a nurse, Clara was also a staunch women’s rights activist, confronting sexism in the workplace throughout her whole career, fighting for women’s suffrage, and speaking at conventions in an effort to accrue more rights for women.

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Clara Barton:
Teacher, Humanitarian,
Founder of the Red Cross

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The American Red Cross is a non-profit humanitarian organization that was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton. Their mission statement is as follows: “The American Red Cross prevents and alleviates human suffering in the face of emergencies by mobilizing the power of volunteers and the generosity of donors.” Some fundamental principles of the Global Red Cross Network include humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, unity, and universality. The Red Cross responds to natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and fires. Many Red Cross workers are also certified to provide shelter, mental health services, food, and financial assistance. In addition to disaster relief, the Red Cross collects and distributes blood donations, provides health and safety education, and first aid classes. In fact, the Red Cross provides nearly 40% of the United States’ blood and blood components.

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Even though she was a prominent public figure, Clara Barton was known to be incredibly shy from a very young age, and because of this, her parents encouraged her to become a school teacher as a way for her to step outside of her comfort zone and become more comfortable around people. Clara excelled as a teacher. She captured the imagination of her students so they were eager to learn.

Despite her shyness, she was outspoken and did not hold back when it came to topics such as unequal pay. Clara Barton is a perfect example of a woman who did not let her shyness and quietness hold her back. She is an inspiration to many young girls that are shy, but are eager to do good and make a profound impact.

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I believe I must have been born believing in the full right of women to all the privileges and positions which nature and justice accord to her in common with other human beings. Perfectly equal rights—human rights. There was never any question in my mind in regard to this. I did not purchase my freedom with a price; I was born free; and when, as a younger woman I heard the subject discussed, it seemed simply ridiculous that any sensible, sane person should question it. And when, later, the phase of woman's right to suffrage came up it was to me only a part of the whole, just as natural, just as right, and just as certain to take place.

And whenever I have been urged, as a petitioner, to ask for this privilege for woman, a kind of dazed, bewildered feeling has come over me. Virtually there is no one to give woman the right to govern herself, as men govern themselves by self-made and self-approved laws of the land. But in one way or another, sooner or later, she is coming to it. And the number of thoughtful and right-minded men who will oppose, will be much smaller than we think and when it is really an accomplished fact, all will wonder as I have done, what the objection ever was.”

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Since World War I, the Red Cross has used posters to raise funds, recruit nurses, promote health and safety programs, and expand awareness of its activities. It is interesting to note how heavily the messaging of these posters center around the idea of mothering, nurture and compassion, and uses the imagery of the devoted mother. Poster designs at the time were considered works of fine art, often originating from paintings by well-known artists.

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Here, you will find simple and gentle practices, prompts and rituals inspired by Clara Barton, that will help you connect with her energy and embody her qualities.

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Tonglen is Tibetan for ‘giving and taking’ (or sending and receiving), and refers to a meditation practice found in Tibetan Buddhism. Tonglen is also known as exchanging self with other. Below is a simple exercise for practicing Tonglen Compassion Meditation—consciously breathing in the suffering of others, and breathing out relief for that suffering.

1. Find a comfortable position and begin to follow your breath and quiet the mind. After a few minutes or once you are relaxed, you can bring to mind a friend or loved one whom you know is experiencing emotional discomfort or suffering. Imagine that he or she is standing in front of you, and visualize their suffering as a dark, heavy cloud surrounding him or her.

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2. Move your awareness to your heart area and breathe in deeply, imagining yourself inhaling those dark, heavy, uncomfortable, cloudy feelings, directly into your heart. As you breathe out from the heart area, imagine that your heart is a source of bright, warm, compassionate light, and you are breathing that light into the person who is suffering. Imagine that the dark feelings are disappearing without a trace into the light of your heart; the dark clouds transforming into a bright, warm light at the center of your heart, alleviating his or her suffering.

3. Next, try extending your compassion out to a stranger that may be experiencing dark, heavy feelings at this moment. As you did for your loved one, imagine inhaling these cloudy, dark feelings away from those people into your own heart. As the dark feelings settle into your heart, imagine that they are disappearing without a trace into the light of your compassionate heart. You can imagine this person or people being enveloped by the calm and comforting light that you are breathing out from your heart.

4. Continue the above process of sending and receiving, but this time extend your compassion out to someone you find difficult to associate with. Tonglen can extend infinitely, and the more you practice, the more your compassion will expand naturally. You might be surprised to find that you are more tolerant and able to be there for people even in situations where it used to seem impossible.

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Tonglen on the spot

Tonglen can also be practiced informally and on the spot as one bears witness to suffering in everyday life. At any point during the day when you experience personal suffering or observe someone else who is suffering or struggling, you can do Tonglen for one to three breaths.

For example, if you see a mother struggling with an unruly child, you might wish to breathe in the stress and anxiety of the mother and breathe out a sense of calm and ease. You could also practice Tonglen for the child in this situation, breathing in the child’s discomfort and breathing out love and relief. If you see two people yelling at each other, you can breathe in the argument and breathe out understanding. Likewise, you can practice Tonglen for yourself if someone has upset you or something bad has happened.

This can be practiced as quickly as one cycle of breath or you could do it for longer. There’s no need to completely stop whatever you’re doing, just simply put enough energy into staying present with the suffering, without over analyzing or judging it.

Practicing Tonglen on the spot even just three times a day builds the compassion “muscle” in a truly transformative way.

Source: Positive Psychology

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The Exercise

Use loving hands and a loving touch, even with inanimate objects. To remind yourself to practice loving touch, you can put something unusual on a finger of your dominant hand. Some possibilities include a different ring, a dot of nail polish on one nail, or a small mark made with a colored pen. Each time you notice the marker, remember to use loving hands, loving touch.

DISCOVERIES

When we do this practice, we soon become aware of when we or others are not using loving hands. We notice how groceries are thrown into the shopping cart, luggage is hurled onto a conveyor belt at the airport, and doors slamming when we rush.

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As we do this practice, mindfulness of loving touch expands to include awareness not just of how we touch things but awareness also of how we are touched. This includes not just how we are touched by human hands but also how we are touched by our clothing, the wind, the food and drink in our mouth, the floor under our feet, and many other things. We know how to use loving hands and touch. We touch babies, faithful dogs, crying children, and lovers with tenderness and care. Why don’t we use loving touch all the time? This is the essential question of mindfulness. Why can’t I live like this all the time? Once we discover how much richer our life is when we are more present, why do we fall back into our old habits and space out?

DEEPER LESSONS

We are being touched all the time, but we are largely unaware of it. Touch usually enters our awareness only when it is uncomfortable (a rock in my sandal) or associated with intense desire (when she or he kisses me for the first time). When we begin to open our awareness to all the touch sensations, both inside and outside our bodies, we might feel overwhelmed. Ordinarily we are more aware of using loving touch with people than with objects. However, when we are in a hurry or upset with someone, we can forget to treat them with love and care. We rush out of the house without saying good-bye to someone we love, we ignore a coworker’s greeting because of a disagreement the day before. This is how other people become objectified, and how disconnection occurs.

In Japan objects are often personified. Many things are honored and treated with loving care, things we would consider inanimate and therefore not deserving of respect, let alone love. Money is handed to cashiers with two hands, tea whisks are given personal names, broken sewing needles are given a funeral and laid to rest in a soft block of tofu, the honorific “o-” is attached to mundane things such as money (o-kane), water (o-mizu), tea (o-cha), and even chopsticks (o-hashi). This may come from the Shinto tradition of honoring the kami or spirits that reside in waterfalls, large trees, and mountains. If water, wood, and stone are seen as holy, then all things that arise from them are also holy.

Zen Master Maezumi Roshi teaches how to handle all things as if they were alive. He opened envelopes, even junk mail, using a letter opener in order to make a clean cut, and removed the contents with careful attention. He became upset when people used their feet to drag meditation cushions around the floor or banged their plates down on the table. “I can feel it in my body,” he said. While most modern priests use clothes hangers, Zen Master Harada Roshi takes time to fold his monk’s robes each night and to “press” them under his mattress or suitcase. His everyday robe is always crisp. There are robes hundreds of years old in his care. He treats each robe as the robe of the Buddha. Can we imagine the touch-awareness of enlightened beings? How sensitive and how wide might their field of awareness be? Can we treat everyone and everything, even inanimate objects, with such loving care? How might this practice invite us into different states of being and relating?

“When you handle rice, water, or anything else, have the affectionate and caring concern of a parent raising a child.”—Zen Master Dogen

Practice by Jan Chozen Bays, from Mindfulness on the Go

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The exercise: Each day of the week, engage in a secret act of virtue or kindness. Do something nice or needed for others, but do so anonymously. These acts can be very simple, like washing someone else’s dishes, picking up trash on the sidewalk, making an anonymous donation, or leaving a small gift on a coworker’s desk.

This practice helps us look at how willing we are to put the effort out to do good things for others if we never earn credit for it. Zen practice emphasizes “going straight on”⁠—leading our lives in a straightforward way based on what we know to be good practice, undaunted by praise or criticism. A monk once asked the Chinese Zen master Hui-hai “What is the gate [meaning both entrance and pillar] of Zen practice?” Hui-hai answered: “Complete giving”.

The Buddha spoke constantly of the value of generosity, saying it is the most effective way to reach enlightenment. He recommended giving simple gifts⁠—water, food, shelter, clothing, transportation, flowers. Even poor people can be generous he said, by giving a crumb of their food to an ant. Each time we give something away, whether it is a material object or our time, we are letting go of a bit of ourselves and practicing the utmost generosity. Generosity is the highest virtue, and anonymous giving is the highest form of generosity.

Practice by Jan Chozen Bays, from Mindfulness on the Go

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Learn more about Clara Barton, her legacy, and the Red Cross, with these resources.

  • ✎ Book

    ‘A Story of the Red Cross Glimpses of Field Work’
    by Clara Barton

  • ✎ Book

    ‘Clara Barton: The Life and Legacy of the Civil War Nurse Who Founded the American Red Cross’
    by Charles River

  • ✎ Book

    ‘The Story of My Childhood’
    by Clara Barton

  • ✷ Illustrated book

    ‘Who was Clara Barton?’
    by Stephanie Spinner

  • ✎ Book

    ‘Clara Barton's Civil War: Between Bullet and Hospital’
    by Donald C. Pfanz

  • ✎ Book

    ‘Clara Barton: Courage under Fire (Heroes of History)’
    by Janet & Geoff Benge

  • ✎ Book

    ‘Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross (Childhood of Famous Americans)’
    by Augusta Stevenson

  • ✎ Book

    ‘Clara Barton, Professional Angel (Studies in Health, Illness, and Caregiving)’ by Elizabeth Brown Pryor

  • ✎ Book

    ‘The Red Cross - A History of this Remarkable International Movement in the Interest of Humanity’
    by Clara Barton